• Photograph of a spectacular lava fountain rising 1750 feet into the air from an eruption of the Kilauea Volcano February 4, 1985 on the Big Island of Hawaii. To view a topographical map of the Big Island of Hawaii click, here. For a map that depicts the five volcanoes that comprise the Big Island of Hawaii plus the Loihi Underwater Volcano (Loihi Seamount) off-shore, click here. The 5 Volcanoes that make up the Big Island of Hawaii are Kohala Volcano, Mauna Kea Volcano, Hualalai Volcano, Mauna Loa Volcano and Mt. Kilauea Volcano (sometimes called Mauna Kilauea) in the order of their ages from oldest to youngest. To view a color map showing the five volcanoes that comprise the Big Island of Hawaii and diagrams which show nine different levels of Dangerous and Hazardous areas along with an accompanying chart which explains the ranking of the 9 various degrees of dangers and hazards, click here. To look only at the danger zone map without the accompanying chart and explanations of the meanings of the five Big Island Volcanoes and their nine hazardous and dangerous zones of each part of the island, click here. To explore a map depicting the danger zones and their levels of danger for Kilauea Volcano only, click here. To explore current Kilauea widescreen wallpaper volcano activity map illustrating the lava flows from 1983 until February 18, 2009, click here. To view other recent Kilauea lava flow and volcanic activity on a widescreen wallpaper map revealing lava flow fields from January 29, 2009 to February 18, 2009, click here.
To see information about all the volcanoes on the Big Island as well as the overall geography of The Big Island of Hawaii click here. Enjoy a photo map tour of the Big Island of Hawaii and to view over a hundred points of interest via an interactive map and interactive panoramic 360° photographs courtesy MAI Technology Ltd. Simply click on one of the over 100 points of interest on the map, and an interactive 360 degree photograph will appear which can be controlled with the mouse. (Java must be enabled.) To go to the all-island Hawaii Geography Page click here.
The word, "volcano" originated from "vulcano", the name of an island off the coast of Sicily in the Mediterranean Sea between the continents of Africa and Europe. The word "vulcano" still exists in Romance languages to this day as do variations such as "valcane", "volcane", "valcanes", "volcanoe", "Valcano", "valcanos", "valkanos", "valcanian", "valkania", "valkanian", "volkanos", "volcanian", "volkanian", Volcaino, Volcainos, Volkaino, Volkainos, vulkaan, "vulcane", "vulcani", "vulcanos", "vulcania", "vulcanian", "vulcanica", "vulkan", "vulkane", "vulkania", "vulkanian", "vulkanen", "vulkaner", "vulkanik", "vulkanul" "vulkanika","wulkan", wulkanik "wulkanu", "wulkany", and so forth (et cetera) in other languages. Thus, the evolution of the words "vulcanology" and the more modern "volcanology" emerged into our languages. Because of Roman mythology, the island, Vulcano, is named for the Roman god of fire, Vulcan. The ancients in the age of the Roman Empire believed that the molten lava, cinder and ash that were spewing forth from the Island of Vulcan were the results of the god Vulcan, hammering on his forge to pound out and shape thunderbolts for Jupiter, the king of gods, to throw at his adversaries and hurl at his enemies. Due to mythology in Polynesia, which includes Hawaii, the islanders believed that volcanoes (volcanos) erupted because the goddess of fire, Pele, was angry.
And because she was frequently angry, Pele also became known as the goddess of volcanoes. Pele, the Hawaiian Volcano Goddess figures heavily in Hawaiian mythology and Kilauea Volcano mythology as well as in Polynesian mythology. The Hawaiian word, Pelehonuamea which means "lava" or earthy matters, is part of Polynesian mythology which dictates that only Pele can create land. Legend has it that it was Pele who led the first voyagers across the Pacific ocean to the island of Hawaii where land (Pelehonuamea) is constantly being created by eruptions of lava. According to Polynesian Mythology Madame Pele could change at will from a fair young maiden to a shrivelled old hag at will. Can you see both of them?
Volcanoes are mountains, though they are unlike most other mountains which are created by folding, crumpling and thrusting up the earth's crust. Volcanos are mountains that are created by the cooled debris of their own eruptions. Inside the earth, boiling, liquified molten rock is called magma which once it is expelled from the bowels of the earth through vents it becomes molten lava and is no longer magma. The secondary fragments of volcanic rock are called tephra.
Magma and thus lava is composed primarily of oxygen, silicon, aluminum, iron, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, titanium and manganese. Some lava oozes from fissures and vents in the earth, while others are spattered into the air and still others are spectacular lava fountains that can shoot hundreds and even thousands of feet into the air before returning to the ground as pyroclastic flows, which can be cascades and lava falls, but are most commonly lava flows which are ground-hugging avalanches of hot ash, pumice, rock fragments and volcanic gas. Pyroclastic flows are very common on Mount Kilauea Volcano as are the preceding pyroclastic surges which offer the dramatic aerial pyrotechnics shown in many of the photographs here. When molten lava hits water, such as the ocean, it creates steam explosions which are referred to as littoral explosions at the shoreline and the resultant areas are then called littoral zones. Littoral explosions are also called hydrovolcanic explosions and steam explosions. The word Littoral comes from the Latin word litoralis which means "seashore" or beach and the word "littoral" entered the English language about the year 1656 as an adjective. According to the Merriam-Webster Collegiate Dictionary® when the word littoral is used as an adjective it is defined as: "of, relating to, or situated or growing on or near a shore especially of the sea". When used as a noun, littoral entered the English language circa 1828 and is defined as: "a coastal region ; especially : the shore zone between high tide and low tide points". Proper pronunciation puts the accent on the first syllable and the vowels following the "I" are pronounced like the schwa (ə) such as the letter "A" in the word "America".
There are four basic types of volcanoes: cinder cones, composite volcanoes, shield volcanoes and lava domes. Kilauea is a shield volcano. Aside from the 4 basic kinds of volcanoes, other terms and varieties might include fissure volcanoes, dome volcanoes, ash-cinder volcanoes, composite volcanoes and caldera volcanoes, to name a few sorts of volcanoes. To view a diagram with cutaways illustrating the interiors of those six previously mentioned forms of volcanoes, click here.
You may open all of the photographs of Mt. Kilauea on this webpage in separate windows by clicking on the individual pictures. Be sure to "Bookmark" or "Add to Favorites" if you think you might want to return to this webpage in the future.
• Kilauea is the youngest and southeastern most volcano on the Big Island of Hawaii. Topographically Kilauea appears as only a bulge on the southeastern flank of Mauna Loa, and so for many years Kilauea was thought to be a mere satellite of its giant neighbor, not a separate volcano. However, research over the past few decades shows clearly that Kilauea has its own magma-plumbing system, extending to the surface from about 20,000 feet deep in the earth. And Kilauea is the most Active volcano on Earth.
In fact, the summit of Kilauea lies on a curving line of volcanoes that includes Mauna Kea and Kohala but, excludes Mauna Loa Volcano. That is to say, Kilauea is to Mauna Kea as Loihi, the underwater volcano, is to Mauna Loa Volcano. The diagram below illustrates the relationships among Mauna Loa Volcano, Kilauea Volcano and Loihi Seamount. The wavy blue line shows the water level and the Loihi undewater volcano which is called Loihi Seamount. Mauna Loa, which means "Long Mountain" in the Hawaiian Language is the largest volcano on this planet as well as the densest and most massive mountain on Earth. Mauna Loa is is 60 miles long and 30 miles wide, rises to an altitude of 13,677 feet high from its base 18,000 feet below the surface of the Pacific Ocean. Those dimensions make Mauna Loa 31,796 feet tall from base to summit or 2,768 feet taller than Mount Everest which has the highest elevation of any mountain on Earth. To read more information about the 5 volcanoes that comprise the Big Island of Hawaii (and all of the Hawaiian Islands' volcanoes) and more data regarding Mauna Loa Volcano go to the Hawaii Geography Page or click here.
Click on the image below to enlarge the Loihi Seamount topographical* map, which is more accurately called Loihi Seamount bathymetrical map. See Explanation beneath the following map*
*Topography is elevation above sea level. Bathymetry is depth below sea level. Topographic maps show the elevations above sea level, while bathymetric maps show the depths below the surface of the ocean. Bathymetric maps usually list depths in fathoms. A fathom is six feet or 1.83 meters. For samples of both topographical maps and bathymetric maps, of the 10 most significant Northeastern Hawaiian Islands (Leeward Hawaiian Islands), click here. • To see a widescreen wallpaper-sized combination bathymetric map and Topographic map of the 8 major Southeastern Hawaiian Islands also known as the Windward Hawaiian Islands, showing both the elevations above sea level and the depths below the ocean, click here. Map by Drew Kapp courtesy University of Hawaii at Hilo. The topographical map clearly shows Mauna Kea, tallest mountain the Pacific and the topographical map of Mauna Loa, the most massive mountain on planet Earth, which along with Mauna Kea Dominate the topography of the Big Island of Hawaii; Haleakala Volcano on west Maui towering over the East Maui Volcano and the topography of the East Molokai Volcano which created the most dramatic seacliffs in all of Oceania.
To see a 2008 widescreen wallpaper sized map of Kilauea Lava flow activity which obliterated the Royal Gardens Subdivision, up to November 28, 2008, click here. To view a widescreen wallpaper close-up map of Kilauea Lava Flow fields from November 18, 2008 to December 1, 2008, click here. To look at a lava flow field map from 1983 until January 1, 2009, click here. For another 1983 to January of 2009 map showing much more specific lava flows and more detailed volcanic activity for that period of time, click here. The most current lava flow maps with the most recent volcanic activity are in the first paragraph of this webpage or you may click here to find links to them. To find a geologic map, that is a vent map of Kilauea Caldera showing the ages from 1832 to 1982 and distribution of recent lava flows (months and years are indicated on the flows), and locations of Halemaumau, Puu Puai (the cinder and spatter cone that erupted in 1959), Keanakakoi Crater and faults that outline the caldera click here. The entire floor of the caldera is covered by lava flows that have erupted since 1832. To explore a another map of Kilauea Caldera showing other lava flows from 1882 to 1982, click here. In the previous map and some other maps, the abbreviation, H.V.O. signifies "Hawaii Volcano Observatory".
The current and constant eruption of Kilauea Volcano that began in 1983 and continues at the cinder-and-spatter cone of Puu Oo, which in Hawaiian means "highpoint of the sky" or "the sky's zenith". Lava erupting from that cone flows through a tube system down Pulama Pali about 8 miles to the Pacific Ocean. Click here to see a photo of Mount Kilauea's lavafalls at Pulama Pali on the Big Island of Hawaii. To see an underground map of Kilauea Volcano and the lava tube (branch pipe) to the ocean, click here. To read an explanation of the map, look at the text just below the two following photographs.
When sulfur dioxide (SO2) gas also sulphur dioxide gas (SO2) gas is released, it reacts chemically with sunlight, oxygen, dust particles, and water in the air to form a mixture of sulfate (S04-2) aerosols (tiny particles and droplets), sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and other oxidized sulfur species. Together, this gas and aerosol mixture produces a hazy atmospheric condition known as volcanic smog, better known in Hawaii as "vog". To See a large photo of Kilauea Belching massive amounts of cender and Vog, click here.
Above a Mount Kilauea Lava Fountain which is 300 meters (985 feet) high from the Puu Oo Cinder and Spatter Cone which spews a continuous outpouring of lava, cinder, smoke and copious amounts of sulfer dioxide gas into the atmosphere - and it mixes with dust particles to create "vog", Madame Pele's counterpart to smog. Vog in general and sulphur dioxide in particular have had a serious impact on agricultural production and many farmers report that their crops have been devastated by the vog. Agriculture is a major economic factor on the Island of Hawaii. Many people also report health problems, particularly respiratory problems which deny normal breathing. And sulphur dioxide has a very unpleasant odor. See above and below for more specifics regarding vog and farther down the page to read more information about the Polynesian volcano goddess, Pele along with information about Hawaiian Mythology.
To see an underground map of Kilauea Volcano and the magma tube carrying molten rock to the Pacific Ocean, where the red-hot lava empties into the ocean causing plumes of steam and creating littoral explosions, which are also referred to as hydrovolcanic explosions, click here.
This simplified cutaway view (not to scale) of Kilauea Volcano shows the pathway of molten rock during the eruption of Puu Oo, located on the east rift zone about 15 miles from the caldera. Molten lava moves from the magma reservoir beneath the caldera through the east rift zone to Puu Oo. When molten rock erupts as lava from Puu Oo, it flows either onto the surface or through a lava-tube system about 8 miles to the sea and sometimes surface eruptions and fountains also flow to the ocean.
During episode 54 on January 30, 1997, lava erupted from Napau Crater about 3 miles uprift from Puu Oo. The rift zone widened about six feet in Napau and a little over a foot wider almost 2 miles uprift, as magma forced a pathway to the surface. Chemical studies of lava samples from episode 54 indicate that two separate and distinct bodies of magma, stored in the rift zone near Napau Crater for many years, supplied lava for the eruptive activity. The caldera was the site of nearly continuous activity during the 1800s and the early part of this 1900s. Since 1952 there have been 34 eruptions, and beginning in January of 1983 eruptive activity has been continuous along the east rift zone of Kilauea up to the present day. Kilauea is considered by many volcanologists to be the planet's most active volcano. Other vulcanologists assert that Kilauea is the world's most active volcano as it has been spewing constantly for 27 years.
The photo above was taken on the weekend of June 15, 2007 and is the Puu Oo vent which is the same as the 1,750 foot high lava fountain pictured at the top of this page. To view pictures taken before the 2007 earhquakes which are wallpaper sized photos of the steaming Puu Oo vent, click here. During that weekend and in the aftermath, the Big Island of Hawaii was shaken by over a thousand small earthquakes, most of which centered on the upper East Rift Zone of mighty and unpredicable Kilauea Volcano. An intrusion of magma collecting beneath the rift between Pauahi and Makaopuhi craters about 1 to 2 miles deep caused most of the earthquakes. (See quake map below) Coinciding with the tremors was a dramatic decrease in the lava feeding the Puu Oo Vent which could cause a pause in episode 56 eruptions. The Petunia lava flow, which began in mid-May of 2007, continues to push toward the southeast . (See photo beneath the quake map just below.) The upper part of the Petunia lava flow has already evolved into a well-developed lava tube (branch pipe) that transports lava downslope to feed the terminus of the lengthening flow. Lava continues to enter the ocean at the Poupou location within Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. In January of 1997 a magma intrusion created new eruption sites in and northeast of Napau Crater and lava spewed for 22 hours. A 30-day pause in lava flow at the Pu'u O'o vent also occurred. And again in September of 1999 A magma intrusion generated a swarm of small earthquakes, resulting in an 11-day pause in lava flow at the Pu'u O'o (Puu Oo) vent, but no new eruption sites. After the June 2007 series of earthquakes, the rift zone became about 39 inches (1 meter) wider. The photo above was taken June 18, 2007 and the map below illustrates the seismic activity while the photo beneath the quake map illustrates the Petunia flow.
Hawaiian mythology holds that Kilauea Volcano is the home of Pele, the Hawaiian fire goddess and volcano goddess who can change at will from a withered old woman to a ravishing young beauty. Even modern day Hawaiians tell of great misfortune after removing Pele's sacred rocks from Kiluaea. Hawaiian chants and oral traditions tell in veiled form of many eruptions fomented by an angry Pele prior to the arrival of the first European, the missionary Reverend William Ellis, who saw the summit in 1823. For more information about Hawaiian Mythology and Hawaiian gods and goddeses, click here. Below are many photographs of Pele's fury and Kilauea's eruptions followed by links to 4 videos which illustrate eruptions of Kilauea Volcano as well as links to other volcano resources in the United States and worldwide.
Click the Photo Above to Enlarge to Widescreen Wallpaper Size
Multiple, simultaneous eruptions of Kilauea Volcano threatened a nearby village with extinction giving villagers little warning before obliterating their settlement on the Big Island of Hawaii.
Kilauea Daily Updates - Mt. Kilauea Status Reports, Updates, Volcanic Activity, Volcano Alert Levels, Aviation Color Code and Information Releases for Kilauea Daily Updates Kilauea Status Reports, Updates, and Information Releases for Today and Previous Days this Month.
Volcano Watch is a weekly newsletter written by the scientists at the US Geological Survey's Hawaiian Volcano Observatory. It is published in the Sunday Hawaii Tribune-Herald newspaper and the Monday West Hawaii Today newspaper, and posted online the following Monday or Tuesday depending on Monday holidays. While the updates are primarily addressed to the residents of the Big Island of Hawaii, some articles may have broader scopes. Topics may range from volcanic features on the Big Island, volcanic hazards, informational subjects regarding, say, Long Valley, Montserrat and Alaska, to matters regarding the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory. To read this week's Volcano Watch update, click here.
• See What's Happening Right Now on Kilauea Volcano •
• Webcameras Update Every Fifteen Minutes •
View photos from a webcam at the Puu Oo Crater. Dimensions of crater are approximately 400 meters (1,313 feet) long (left to right in webcam) and 250 meters (820 feet) wide straight ahead. The camera is operational 24 hours a day, 7 days per week [24/7] and faithfully records the dark of night when there is no incandescence from eruptions and molten lava. This panorama is a composite of four images from the research camera positioned on the north rim of the Puu Oo crater. The images update every 15 minutes. At times, clouds and volcanic fumes obscure visibility as do flying insects that sometimes take refuge on the lens protectors. The camera is subject to sporadic breakdown, and its remote location makes immediate repair impossible. Cameras can be where people should not be. Puu Oo is off-limits to the general public due to multiple and significant seismic hazards and volcanic dangers. But, you can view these off-limits eruptions right now by clicking here.
Click here to see the volcanic activity in the last 15 minutes at the Halemaumau Crater of Kilauea Volcano.
Click here to watch a significant number of time-lapse movies of volcanic activity at Kilauea provided by the Hawaii Volcano Observatory. Most are very long and range from an hour and 35 minutes to over ten hours.
To learn more about Kilauea Volcano, the other volcanoes of Hawaii, the United States and the world, click here. To go directly to the official website for Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, click here.
• To see more information about all the volcanoes on the Big Island as well as the overall geography of The Big Island of Hawaii click here. To go to the entire State of Hawaii Geography Page click here. • To see more volcano information and photos on the Big Island of Hawaii Page click here.
Alae Lavafalls & Lava Cascades
Click to Enlarge Pix
● More Photos & Videos of Kilauea Volcano ●
Click to open pictures in separate widescreen wallpaper-sized windows.
Click to enlarge to widescreen wallpaper
Click for widescreen wallpaper
Click on the 10 Photos Above to see Widescreen Wallpaper Pictures
To View More Videos of Kilauea Littoral Explosions Look Below.
Click Above to Enlarge to Widescreen Wallpaper
Click Above to Enlarge to Widescreen Wallpaper
All the mountains on the Big Island of Hawaii are volcanoes. Five different volcanoes erupted and finally their lava flow merged together to make the Big Island of Hawaii. About 20 miles off the southeast coast of the Big Island is Loihi Sea Mount (also known as, Lo'ihi Seamount) an underwater volcano, which lies less than 3000 feet below the surface of the ocean. Loihi volcano is one of the submarine volcanoes of the world that is active and currrently erupting. Loihi Seamount, the submarine volcano, has been the subject of many studies by vulcanologists (volcanologists) in recent years, though for centuries many people have known about Loihi erupting. Frequent Loihi eruptions bring it ever closer to the surface of the water when one day it will emerge as the newest of the Hawaiian Islands and perhaps eventually merge with and become a part of the Big Island of Hawaii. To see a map of the 5 volcanos of the Big Island of Hawaii showing their proximity to Loihi Seamount, click here. With Loihi Mount included, Hawaii will then become an island comprised of six volcanoes instead of five volcanos. Due to the activity of Kilauea Volcano and someday Loihi Volcano, Hawaii is the only state in the United States that is actually growing in size! Look below to view a submarine video of the underwater volcano erupting.
To get an idea how each of the five volcanoes that evenually created the Big Island of Hawaii and all the other Hawaiian Islands, you may view video of a spectacular underwater volcanic eruption link below. Click here to watch a video of an underwater volcano erupting. Underwater volcanoes, also called submarine volcanoes, release liquid droplets of carbon dioxide. Yellow parts of the plume contain tiny droplets of molten sulfur. Underwater volcanoes are also studied by the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C. is the world's largest museum complex and research organization and is comprised of 19 museums and 9 research centers as well as the United States National Zoo. To enter the fabulous world of the Smithsonian, click here.
Many of Kilauea's pre-1924 explosive eruptions that produced significant ash deposits probably happened when the volcano's summit crater was so deep that its floor was below the water table, letting ground water seep in to form a lake. Whenever magma erupted into the lake water, violent explosions of steam and volcanic gases resulted, fragmenting the magma into tiny ash particles and driving fast-moving, extremely hot ash-laden steam clouds (pyroclastic surges) out of the crater.
• To look at the first of 15 old black and white photos showing smoke and ash spewing from Kilauea Volcano just prior to erupting in 1924, click here.
Click here to see a map showing the location of Halemaumau in relationship to the town of Volcano.
Another map shows the area of the 1924 explosions that are shown in the black and white photographs which are linked below. The area inside the yellow circle shows were a great number of rocks more than 10 centimeters [4 inches] in diameter were strewn. The photos were taken from the "Volcano House" which was near the HVO (Hawaiian Volcano Observatory) in 1924. The Hawaii Volcano Observatory is now located at Uwekahuna which is marked by a star on the map. Five immense rocks [blocks of stone] weighing over ten tons [9,072 kilograms] apiece were spewed out by the Halemaumau eruption of 1924 and the places they landed are shown on the map. To see a photo of "Block R3" and the impact crater it left on the runway of the nearby aviation strip, click here. The photographer depicted in the photograph is Tai Sing Loo of Pearl Harbor who photographed some of the pictures below.
See 15 more black and white photos taken in May of 1924 when an immense amount of dust and rocks also fell around an area inside the Kilauea Caldera. (See explosion map link above)
On May 24, 1924 a black and white photo was taken of a Halemaumau explosion on Kiluaea Volcano.
The conflagration of the previous photo expands as shown in this black and white photograph taken only 30 seconds after the above shot was taken.
A fiery fountain arises from Halemaumau in this black and white photo from may 24, 1924.
A mushroom cloud forms above Halemaumau in this black and white photograph of May 23, 1924 at 3:00 P.M.
Molten Lava mixes with smoke, cinder and ash in this black and white photo of the May 22, 1924 Halemaumau eruptions.
• The following eight photos were taken of the Halemauamau Explosion on May 22, 1924 by Tai Sing Loo. The series begins about 30 seconds after the first explosion and the photos were taken from the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) about 3.5 miles [5.6 kilometers] away.
• *The Monday, May 19, 1924 edition of a daily newspaper, The Honolulu Advertiser, reported, "several violent upheavals" had taken place on Sunday, May 18, and the article went on to state: "The air about the Volcano is highly charged with static electricity. Fuses at the Volcano house have been blown out and telephone communication is spasmodic.... All foliage within two miles [3.2 kilometers] of the Volcano is covered with [wet] ashes and pierced with pebbles. Mud stands an inch thick on the porch of Boles' house, and has hardened to the consistency of cement. The eave gutters of the Volcano House are broken by the weight of the ashes and pebbles. Angleworms are lying dead all about the area." The newspaper had spoken too soon, angry Volcano Goddess Pele had more in store for them and the worst was yet to come.
• To watch a 3 minute video of Kilauea Lava shooting into the sky and eventually entering the ocean, click below.
• To see a 2 minute children's educational video of volcanic eruptions click, the image below.
• To watch another 2 minute video, sans music & animation, of Kilauea's molten lava, exiting underground lava tubes (branch pipes) and cascades in red-hot lavafalls over a cliff and plunges into the Pacific Ocean creating rising clouds of steam, click on the video screen below.
• To look at a 45 second video of steam rising from the Pacific Ocean as molten lava from Kilauea Volcano here falls into the water, click below.
• "If you ever drop your keys into a river of molten lava, let'em go, because, man, they're gone."
~ Jack Handey from "Deep Thoughts"
• To explore almost any science topic that comes to mind, such as fossils, astronomy and volcanology (vulcanology), click here to view the Sciences Page including photos of volcanos worldwide as well as information regarding volcanoes around the globe.
It is interesting to note that many people misspell "Hawaii" as Hawaai, Hawai, Howaii, Hawaje, Hawaiia, Hawiaii, Hawii, Hawwai, Hawwai, Hawwia, Hawwi, Howai, Howaii and Howii and misspell "Hawaiian" as Hawaaian, Hawaain, Hawan, Hawian, Hawaian, Hawaiaan, Hawiian, Hawiin, Hawiain, Hawain, Haiwain, Hawaiin, Hawaiiwan, Hawiaiin, Hawaiaiin, Hawaiiaanse, Hawwaian, Hawwain, Hawwian, Hawwiian and so forth. And many people misspell "Kilauea" as Kilaea, kilaeau, Kilaua, kilaeu, Klauea, Kileua, Kilawea, Killauea, etc.
